Identifying Retromer Cargoes that Drive Vacuolar Membrane Invagination During Lipid‑Droplet Degradation
Project Description
Lipid droplets (LDs) are central to cellular energy homeostasis, but the pathways governing their selective degradation are not fully defined. We identify a degradation route for a specific LD subpopulation marked by the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein Pdr16. Under nutrient limitation, the Mon1–Ccz1 GEF complex, through an amphipathic helix in Ccz1, directs its Rab GTPase substrate Ypt7 to Pdr16 positive LDs, initiating their vacuolar uptake. Ypt7 activation subsequently recruits the Retromer complex to vacuole LD (vCLIP) contact sites. Crucially, we find that Retromer, likely via its cargo receptor Vps10, promotes vacuolar membrane curvature to facilitate LD invagination. However, deletion of Vps10 does not completely prevent vacuolar membrane invagination during nutrient limited conditions. We thus hypothesize that retromer functions together with its additional cargo to generate the membrane curvature surrounding LDs, thereby enabling LD degradation through vacuolar invagination. To identify potential retromer cargoes, we employed label free vacuolar proteomics (Eising et al., 2018; Gao et al., 2022), which allows comprehensive identification of vacuolar proteins for comparative analyses. We reasoned that retromer function in a mutant leads to accumulation of retromer cargo on the vacuole. To ensure data reliability, we analyzed vacuolar proteomes from wild type and vps35Δ cells during stationary phase using both Orbitrap Eclipse and timsTOF Pro mass spectrometers. We then plotted the accumulated cargoes, identified by comparing vps35Δ to wild type ratios from the Orbitrap Eclipse (x axis) and timsTOF Pro (y axis). The candidate proteins identified in this manner will be validated through co localization and co immunoprecipitation with retromer, and their roles in LD internalization will be tested.
Supervisor
GAO, Jieqiong
Quota
1
Course type
UROP3100
Applicant's Roles
Our lab is seeking a motivated undergraduate student to join our research team as an Introductory Research Assistant. This position is designed for students with some research experience who are eager to learn the fundamentals of scientific inquiry. The successful applicant will gain hands-on experience in the lab.
Applicant's Learning Objectives
This research experience will provide undergraduate students with opportunities to develop their scientific thinking and key skills in scientific inquiry and laboratory techniques. Specifically, students will

(1) Understand the scientific method and its application to the research project.
Students will gain a practical understanding of the scientific method through hands-on experience. This includes learning to construct yeast strains, verify protein expression using Western Blot analysis, purify proteins from yeast, and perform in vitro pulldown assays.

(2)Develop literature searching and review skills.

(3)Understand data management and organization principles.
Complexity of the project
Moderate